GIT-PUSH(1)                        Git Manual                       GIT-PUSH(1)

NAME
       git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects

SYNOPSIS
       git push [--all | --branches | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
                  [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-q | --quiet] [-v | --verbose]
                  [-u | --set-upstream] [-o <string> | --push-option=<string>]
                  [--[no-]signed|--signed=(true|false|if-asked)]
                  [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]] [--force-if-includes]]
                  [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]

DESCRIPTION
       Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects necessary to
       complete the given refs.

       You can make interesting things happen to a repository every time you
       push into it, by setting up hooks there. See documentation for git-
       receive-pack(1).

       When the command line does not specify where to push with the
       <repository> argument, branch.*.remote configuration for the current
       branch is consulted to determine where to push. If the configuration is
       missing, it defaults to origin.

       When the command line does not specify what to push with <refspec>...
       arguments or --all, --mirror, --tags options, the command finds the
       default <refspec> by consulting remote.*.push configuration, and if it
       is not found, honors push.default configuration to decide what to push
       (See git-config(1) for the meaning of push.default).

       When neither the command-line nor the configuration specifies what to
       push, the default behavior is used, which corresponds to the simple
       value for push.default: the current branch is pushed to the
       corresponding upstream branch, but as a safety measure, the push is
       aborted if the upstream branch does not have the same name as the local
       one.

OPTIONS
       <repository>
           The "remote" repository that is the destination of a push operation.
           This parameter can be either a URL (see the section GIT URLS below)
           or the name of a remote (see the section REMOTES below).

       <refspec>...
           Specify what destination ref to update with what source object. The
           format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus +, followed by
           the source object <src>, followed by a colon :, followed by the
           destination ref <dst>.

           The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push,
           but it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as master~4 or
           HEAD (see gitrevisions(7)).

           The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
           push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
           be named. If git push [<repository>] without any <refspec> argument
           is set to update some ref at the destination with <src> with
           remote.<repository>.push configuration variable, :<dst> part can be
           omitted—such a push will update a ref that <src> normally updates
           without any <refspec> on the command line. Otherwise, missing :<dst>
           means to update the same ref as the <src>.

           If <dst> doesn’t start with refs/ (e.g.  refs/heads/master) we will
           try to infer where in refs/* on the destination <repository> it
           belongs based on the type of <src> being pushed and whether <dst> is
           ambiguous.

           •   If <dst> unambiguously refers to a ref on the <repository>
               remote, then push to that ref.

           •   If <src> resolves to a ref starting with refs/heads/ or
               refs/tags/, then prepend that to <dst>.

           •   Other ambiguity resolutions might be added in the future, but
               for now any other cases will error out with an error indicating
               what we tried, and depending on the
               advice.pushUnqualifiedRefname configuration (see git-config(1))
               suggest what refs/ namespace you may have wanted to push to.

           The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
           on the remote side. Whether this is allowed depends on where in
           refs/* the <dst> reference lives as described in detail below, in
           those sections "update" means any modifications except deletes,
           which as noted after the next few sections are treated differently.

           The refs/heads/* namespace will only accept commit objects, and
           updates only if they can be fast-forwarded.

           The refs/tags/* namespace will accept any kind of object (as
           commits, trees and blobs can be tagged), and any updates to them
           will be rejected.

           It’s possible to push any type of object to any namespace outside of
           refs/{tags,heads}/*. In the case of tags and commits, these will be
           treated as if they were the commits inside refs/heads/* for the
           purposes of whether the update is allowed.

           I.e. a fast-forward of commits and tags outside refs/{tags,heads}/*
           is allowed, even in cases where what’s being fast-forwarded is not a
           commit, but a tag object which happens to point to a new commit
           which is a fast-forward of the commit the last tag (or commit) it’s
           replacing. Replacing a tag with an entirely different tag is also
           allowed, if it points to the same commit, as well as pushing a
           peeled tag, i.e. pushing the commit that existing tag object points
           to, or a new tag object which an existing commit points to.

           Tree and blob objects outside of refs/{tags,heads}/* will be treated
           the same way as if they were inside refs/tags/*, any update of them
           will be rejected.

           All of the rules described above about what’s not allowed as an
           update can be overridden by adding an the optional leading + to a
           refspec (or using --force command line option). The only exception
           to this is that no amount of forcing will make the refs/heads/*
           namespace accept a non-commit object. Hooks and configuration can
           also override or amend these rules, see e.g.
           receive.denyNonFastForwards in git-config(1) and pre-receive and
           update in githooks(5).

           Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the
           remote repository. Deletions are always accepted without a leading +
           in the refspec (or --force), except when forbidden by configuration
           or hooks. See receive.denyDeletes in git-config(1) and pre-receive
           and update in githooks(5).

           The special refspec : (or +: to allow non-fast-forward updates)
           directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that
           exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of
           the same name already exists on the remote side.

           tag <tag> means the same as refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>.

       --all, --branches
           Push all branches (i.e. refs under refs/heads/); cannot be used with
           other <refspec>.

       --prune
           Remove remote branches that don’t have a local counterpart. For
           example a remote branch tmp will be removed if a local branch with
           the same name doesn’t exist any more. This also respects refspecs,
           e.g.  git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/* would make
           sure that remote refs/tmp/foo will be removed if refs/heads/foo
           doesn’t exist.

       --mirror
           Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all refs under
           refs/ (which includes but is not limited to refs/heads/,
           refs/remotes/, and refs/tags/) be mirrored to the remote repository.
           Newly created local refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally
           updated refs will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted
           refs will be removed from the remote end. This is the default if the
           configuration option remote.<remote>.mirror is set.

       -n, --dry-run
           Do everything except actually send the updates.

       --porcelain
           Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
           will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
           symbolic names of the refs will be given.

       -d, --delete
           All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is the
           same as prefixing all refs with a colon.

       --tags
           All refs under refs/tags are pushed, in addition to refspecs
           explicitly listed on the command line.

       --follow-tags
           Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option, and also
           push annotated tags in refs/tags that are missing from the remote
           but are pointing at commit-ish that are reachable from the refs
           being pushed. This can also be specified with configuration variable
           push.followTags. For more information, see push.followTags in git-
           config(1).

       --[no-]signed, --signed=(true|false|if-asked)
           GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving side, to
           allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be logged. If false or
           --no-signed, no signing will be attempted. If true or --signed, the
           push will fail if the server does not support signed pushes. If set
           to if-asked, sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes.
           The push will also fail if the actual call to gpg --sign fails. See
           git-receive-pack(1) for the details on the receiving end.

       --[no-]atomic
           Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available. Either
           all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated. If the
           server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.

       -o <option>, --push-option=<option>
           Transmit the given string to the server, which passes them to the
           pre-receive as well as the post-receive hook. The given string must
           not contain a NUL or LF character. When multiple
           --push-option=<option> are given, they are all sent to the other
           side in the order listed on the command line. When no
           --push-option=<option> is given from the command line, the values of
           configuration variable push.pushOption are used instead.

       --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>, --exec=<git-receive-pack>
           Path to the git-receive-pack program on the remote end. Sometimes
           useful when pushing to a remote repository over ssh, and you do not
           have the program in a directory on the default $PATH.

       --[no-]force-with-lease, --force-with-lease=<refname>,
       --force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>
           Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is not an
           ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.

           This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the
           remote ref is the expected value. "git push" fails otherwise.

           Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published. You
           will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to replace
           the history you originally published with the rebased history. If
           somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
           rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with their
           commit, and blindly pushing with --force will lose their work.

           This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
           updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
           still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
           other people did anything to the ref. It is like taking a "lease" on
           the ref without explicitly locking it, and the remote ref is updated
           only if the "lease" is still valid.

           --force-with-lease alone, without specifying the details, will
           protect all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring
           their current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we
           have for them.

           --force-with-lease=<refname>, without specifying the expected value,
           will protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
           requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
           branch we have for it.

           --force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect> will protect the named ref
           (alone), if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current
           value to be the same as the specified value <expect> (which is
           allowed to be different from the remote-tracking branch we have for
           the refname, or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking
           branch when this form is used). If <expect> is the empty string,
           then the named ref must not already exist.

           Note that all forms other than --force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>
           that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
           still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain
           experience with this feature.

           "--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous
           --force-with-lease on the command line.

           A general note on safety: supplying this option without an expected
           value, i.e. as --force-with-lease or --force-with-lease=<refname>
           interacts very badly with anything that implicitly runs git fetch on
           the remote to be pushed to in the background, e.g.  git fetch origin
           on your repository in a cronjob.

           The protection it offers over --force is ensuring that subsequent
           changes your work wasn’t based on aren’t clobbered, but this is
           trivially defeated if some background process is updating refs in
           the background. We don’t have anything except the remote tracking
           info to go by as a heuristic for refs you’re expected to have seen &
           are willing to clobber.

           If your editor or some other system is running git fetch in the
           background for you a way to mitigate this is to simply set up
           another remote:

               git remote add origin-push $(git config remote.origin.url)
               git fetch origin-push

           Now when the background process runs git fetch origin the references
           on origin-push won’t be updated, and thus commands like:

               git push --force-with-lease origin-push

           Will fail unless you manually run git fetch origin-push. This method
           is of course entirely defeated by something that runs git fetch
           --all, in that case you’d need to either disable it or do something
           more tedious like:

               git fetch              # update 'master' from remote
               git tag base master    # mark our base point
               git rebase -i master   # rewrite some commits
               git push --force-with-lease=master:base master:master

           I.e. create a base tag for versions of the upstream code that you’ve
           seen and are willing to overwrite, then rewrite history, and finally
           force push changes to master if the remote version is still at base,
           regardless of what your local remotes/origin/master has been updated
           to in the background.

           Alternatively, specifying --force-if-includes as an ancillary option
           along with --force-with-lease[=<refname>] (i.e., without saying what
           exact commit the ref on the remote side must be pointing at, or
           which refs on the remote side are being protected) at the time of
           "push" will verify if updates from the remote-tracking refs that may
           have been implicitly updated in the background are integrated
           locally before allowing a forced update.

       -f, --force
           Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is not an
           ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. Also, when
           --force-with-lease option is used, the command refuses to update a
           remote ref whose current value does not match what is expected.

           This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
           to lose commits; use it with care.

           Note that --force applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
           using it with push.default set to matching or with multiple push
           destinations configured with remote.*.push may overwrite refs other
           than the current branch (including local refs that are strictly
           behind their remote counterpart). To force a push to only one
           branch, use a + in front of the refspec to push (e.g git push origin
           +master to force a push to the master branch). See the <refspec>...
           section above for details.

       --[no-]force-if-includes
           Force an update only if the tip of the remote-tracking ref has been
           integrated locally.

           This option enables a check that verifies if the tip of the
           remote-tracking ref is reachable from one of the "reflog" entries of
           the local branch based in it for a rewrite. The check ensures that
           any updates from the remote have been incorporated locally by
           rejecting the forced update if that is not the case.

           If the option is passed without specifying --force-with-lease, or
           specified along with --force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>, it is a
           "no-op".

           Specifying --no-force-if-includes disables this behavior.

       --repo=<repository>
           This option is equivalent to the <repository> argument. If both are
           specified, the command-line argument takes precedence.

       -u, --set-upstream
           For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
           upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less git-pull(1) and
           other commands. For more information, see branch.<name>.merge in
           git-config(1).

       --[no-]thin
           These options are passed to git-send-pack(1). A thin transfer
           significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
           receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
           --thin.

       -q, --quiet
           Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs, unless
           an error occurs. Progress is not reported to the standard error
           stream.

       -v, --verbose
           Run verbosely.

       --progress
           Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by default
           when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q is specified. This flag
           forces progress status even if the standard error stream is not
           directed to a terminal.

       --no-recurse-submodules, --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|only|no
           May be used to make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions
           to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If check is
           used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in the
           revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote of the
           submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be aborted and
           exit with non-zero status. If on-demand is used all submodules that
           changed in the revisions to be pushed will be pushed. If on-demand
           was not able to push all necessary revisions it will also be aborted
           and exit with non-zero status. If only is used all submodules will
           be pushed while the superproject is left unpushed. A value of no or
           using --no-recurse-submodules can be used to override the
           push.recurseSubmodules configuration variable when no submodule
           recursion is required.

           When using on-demand or only, if a submodule has a
           "push.recurseSubmodules={on-demand,only}" or "submodule.recurse"
           configuration, further recursion will occur. In this case, "only" is
           treated as "on-demand".

       --[no-]verify
           Toggle the pre-push hook (see githooks(5)). The default is --verify,
           giving the hook a chance to prevent the push. With --no-verify, the
           hook is bypassed completely.

       -4, --ipv4
           Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.

       -6, --ipv6
           Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.

GIT URLS
       In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
       address of the remote server, and the path to the repository. Depending
       on the transport protocol, some of this information may be absent.

       Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp and
       ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and deprecated;
       do not use them).

       The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and should
       be used with caution on unsecured networks.

       The following syntaxes may be used with them:

       •   ssh://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>]/<path-to-git-repo>

       •   git://<host>[:<port>]/<path-to-git-repo>

       •   http[s]://<host>[:<port>]/<path-to-git-repo>

       •   ftp[s]://<host>[:<port>]/<path-to-git-repo>

       An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:

       •   [<user>@]<host>:/<path-to-git-repo>

       This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the first
       colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a colon. For
       example the local path foo:bar could be specified as an absolute path or
       ./foo:bar to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh url.

       The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~<username> expansion:

       •   ssh://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>]/~<user>/<path-to-git-repo>

       •   git://<host>[:<port>]/~<user>/<path-to-git-repo>

       •   [<user>@]<host>:~<user>/<path-to-git-repo>

       For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
       syntaxes may be used:

       •   /path/to/repo.git/

       •   file:///path/to/repo.git/

       These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when the
       former implies --local option. See git-clone(1) for details.

       git clone, git fetch and git pull, but not git push, will also accept a
       suitable bundle file. See git-bundle(1).

       When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
       attempts to use the remote-<transport> remote helper, if one exists. To
       explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used:

       •   <transport>::<address>

       where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
       URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being invoked.
       See gitremote-helpers(7) for details.

       If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
       you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you use
       will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a configuration
       section of the form:

                   [url "<actual-url-base>"]
                           insteadOf = <other-url-base>

       For example, with this:

                   [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
                           insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
                           insteadOf = work:

       a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
       rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be
       "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".

       If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
       configuration section of the form:

                   [url "<actual-url-base>"]
                           pushInsteadOf = <other-url-base>

       For example, with this:

                   [url "ssh://example.org/"]
                           pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/

       a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
       "ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
       use the original URL.

REMOTES
       The name of one of the following can be used instead of a URL as
       <repository> argument:

       •   a remote in the Git configuration file: $GIT_DIR/config,

       •   a file in the $GIT_DIR/remotes directory, or

       •   a file in the $GIT_DIR/branches directory.

       All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
       because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.

   Named remote in configuration file
       You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
       configured using git-remote(1), git-config(1) or even by a manual edit
       to the $GIT_DIR/config file. The URL of this remote will be used to
       access the repository. The refspec of this remote will be used by
       default when you do not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry
       in the config file would appear like this:

                   [remote "<name>"]
                           url = <URL>
                           pushurl = <pushurl>
                           push = <refspec>
                           fetch = <refspec>

       The <pushurl> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults to
       <URL>. Pushing to a remote affects all defined pushurls or all defined
       urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch, however, will only fetch from
       the first defined url if multiple urls are defined.

   Named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes
       You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/remotes. The
       URL in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec in
       this file will be used as default when you do not provide a refspec on
       the command line. This file should have the following format:

                   URL: one of the above URL formats
                   Push: <refspec>
                   Pull: <refspec>

       Push: lines are used by git push and Pull: lines are used by git pull
       and git fetch. Multiple Push: and Pull: lines may be specified for
       additional branch mappings.

   Named file in $GIT_DIR/branches
       You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/branches. The
       URL in this file will be used to access the repository. This file should
       have the following format:

                   <URL>#<head>

       <URL> is required; #<head> is optional.

       Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following refspecs,
       if you don’t provide one on the command line. <branch> is the name of
       this file in $GIT_DIR/branches and <head> defaults to master.

       git fetch uses:

                   refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch>

       git push uses:

                   HEAD:refs/heads/<head>

OUTPUT
       The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
       section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
       locally or via ssh).

       The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
       representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:

            <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)

       If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form:

            <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>)

       The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if --porcelain or --verbose
       option is used.

       flag
           A single character indicating the status of the ref:

           (space)
               for a successfully pushed fast-forward;

           +
               for a successful forced update;

           -
               for a successfully deleted ref;

           *
               for a successfully pushed new ref;

           !
               for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and

           =
               for a ref that was up to date and did not need pushing.

       summary
           For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
           values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to git
           log (this is <old>..<new> in most cases, and <old>...<new> for
           forced non-fast-forward updates).

           For a failed update, more details are given:

           rejected
               Git did not try to send the ref at all, typically because it is
               not a fast-forward and you did not force the update.

           remote rejected
               The remote end refused the update. Usually caused by a hook on
               the remote side, or because the remote repository has one of the
               following safety options in effect: receive.denyCurrentBranch
               (for pushes to the checked out branch),
               receive.denyNonFastForwards (for forced non-fast-forward
               updates), receive.denyDeletes or receive.denyDeleteCurrent. See
               git-config(1).

           remote failure
               The remote end did not report the successful update of the ref,
               perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a break
               in the network connection, or other transient error.

       from
           The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its refs/<type>/
           prefix. In the case of deletion, the name of the local ref is
           omitted.

       to
           The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its refs/<type>/
           prefix.

       reason
           A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
           refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
           failure is described.

NOTE ABOUT FAST-FORWARDS
       When an update changes a branch (or more in general, a ref) that used to
       point at commit A to point at another commit B, it is called a
       fast-forward update if and only if B is a descendant of A.

       In a fast-forward update from A to B, the set of commits that the
       original commit A built on top of is a subset of the commits the new
       commit B builds on top of. Hence, it does not lose any history.

       In contrast, a non-fast-forward update will lose history. For example,
       suppose you and somebody else started at the same commit X, and you
       built a history leading to commit B while the other person built a
       history leading to commit A. The history looks like this:

                 B
                /
            ---X---A

       Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to
       A back to the original repository from which you two obtained the
       original commit X.

       The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point
       at commit X to point at commit A. It is a fast-forward.

       But if you try to push, you will attempt to update the branch (that now
       points at A) with commit B. This does not fast-forward. If you did so,
       the changes introduced by commit A will be lost, because everybody will
       now start building on top of B.

       The command by default does not allow an update that is not a
       fast-forward to prevent such loss of history.

       If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) or the work
       by the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch
       the history from the repository, create a history that contains changes
       done by both parties, and push the result back.

       You can perform "git pull", resolve potential conflicts, and "git push"
       the result. A "git pull" will create a merge commit C between commits A
       and B.

                 B---C
                /   /
            ---X---A

       Updating A with the resulting merge commit will fast-forward and your
       push will be accepted.

       Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A,
       with "git pull --rebase", and push the result back. The rebase will
       create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of
       A.

                 B   D
                /   /
            ---X---A

       Again, updating A with this commit will fast-forward and your push will
       be accepted.

       There is another common situation where you may encounter
       non-fast-forward rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even
       when you are pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After
       you push commit A yourself (in the first picture in this section),
       replace it with "git commit --amend" to produce commit B, and you try to
       push it out, because forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such
       a case, and only if you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched
       your earlier commit A (and started building on top of it), you can run
       "git push --force" to overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force"
       is a method reserved for a case where you do mean to lose history.

EXAMPLES
       git push
           Works like git push <remote>, where <remote> is the current branch’s
           remote (or origin, if no remote is configured for the current
           branch).

       git push origin
           Without additional configuration, pushes the current branch to the
           configured upstream (branch.<name>.merge configuration variable) if
           it has the same name as the current branch, and errors out without
           pushing otherwise.

           The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can
           be configured by setting the push option of the remote, or the
           push.default configuration variable.

           For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to origin
           use git config remote.origin.push HEAD. Any valid <refspec> (like
           the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
           git push origin.

       git push origin :
           Push "matching" branches to origin. See <refspec> in the OPTIONS
           section above for a description of "matching" branches.

       git push origin master
           Find a ref that matches master in the source repository (most
           likely, it would find refs/heads/master), and update the same ref
           (e.g.  refs/heads/master) in origin repository with it. If master
           did not exist remotely, it would be created.

       git push origin HEAD
           A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
           remote.

       git push mothership master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev
           Use the source ref that matches master (e.g.  refs/heads/master) to
           update the ref that matches satellite/master (most probably
           refs/remotes/satellite/master) in the mothership repository; do the
           same for dev and satellite/dev.

           See the section describing <refspec>... above for a discussion of
           the matching semantics.

           This is to emulate git fetch run on the mothership using git push
           that is run in the opposite direction in order to integrate the work
           done on satellite, and is often necessary when you can only make
           connection in one way (i.e. satellite can ssh into mothership but
           mothership cannot initiate connection to satellite because the
           latter is behind a firewall or does not run sshd).

           After running this git push on the satellite machine, you would ssh
           into the mothership and run git merge there to complete the
           emulation of git pull that were run on mothership to pull changes
           made on satellite.

       git push origin HEAD:master
           Push the current branch to the remote ref matching master in the
           origin repository. This form is convenient to push the current
           branch without thinking about its local name.

       git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental
           Create the branch experimental in the origin repository by copying
           the current master branch. This form is only needed to create a new
           branch or tag in the remote repository when the local name and the
           remote name are different; otherwise, the ref name on its own will
           work.

       git push origin :experimental
           Find a ref that matches experimental in the origin repository (e.g.
           refs/heads/experimental), and delete it.

       git push origin +dev:master
           Update the origin repository’s master branch with the dev branch,
           allowing non-fast-forward updates.  This can leave unreferenced
           commits dangling in the origin repository.  Consider the following
           situation, where a fast-forward is not possible:

                           o---o---o---A---B  origin/master
                                    \
                                     X---Y---Z  dev

           The above command would change the origin repository to

                                     A---B  (unnamed branch)
                                    /
                           o---o---o---X---Y---Z  master

           Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic
           name, and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be
           removed by a git gc command on the origin repository.

SECURITY
       The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
       stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
       shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a
       malicious peer, your best option is to store it in another repository.
       This applies to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a
       server are not effective for read access control; you should only grant
       read access to a namespace to clients that you would trust with read
       access to the entire repository.

       The known attack vectors are as follows:

        1. The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has
           that are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to
           optimize the transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker
           chooses an object ID X to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn’t
           required to send the content of X because the victim already has it.
           Now the victim believes that the attacker has X, and it sends the
           content of X back to the attacker later. (This attack is most
           straightforward for a client to perform on a server, by creating a
           ref to X in the namespace the client has access to and then fetching
           it. The most likely way for a server to perform it on a client is to
           "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user does
           additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
           without noticing the merge.)

        2. As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim
           sends an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker
           falsely claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta
           against X. The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to
           the attacker.

CONFIGURATION
       Everything below this line in this section is selectively included from
       the git-config(1) documentation. The content is the same as what’s found
       there:

       push.autoSetupRemote
           If set to "true" assume --set-upstream on default push when no
           upstream tracking exists for the current branch; this option takes
           effect with push.default options simple, upstream, and current. It
           is useful if by default you want new branches to be pushed to the
           default remote (like the behavior of push.default=current) and you
           also want the upstream tracking to be set. Workflows most likely to
           benefit from this option are simple central workflows where all
           branches are expected to have the same name on the remote.

       push.default
           Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
           (whether from the command-line, config, or elsewhere). Different
           values are well-suited for specific workflows; for instance, in a
           purely central workflow (i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push
           destination), upstream is probably what you want. Possible values
           are:

           •   nothing - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
               given. This is primarily meant for people who want to avoid
               mistakes by always being explicit.

           •   current - push the current branch to update a branch with the
               same name on the receiving end. Works in both central and
               non-central workflows.

           •   upstream - push the current branch back to the branch whose
               changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
               called @{upstream}). This mode only makes sense if you are
               pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
               (i.e. central workflow).

           •   tracking - This is a deprecated synonym for upstream.

           •   simple - push the current branch with the same name on the
               remote.

               If you are working on a centralized workflow (pushing to the
               same repository you pull from, which is typically origin), then
               you need to configure an upstream branch with the same name.

               This mode is the default since Git 2.0, and is the safest option
               suited for beginners.

           •   matching - push all branches having the same name on both ends.
               This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
               branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push maint
               and master there and no other branches, the repository you push
               to will have these two branches, and your local maint and master
               will be pushed there).

               To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure all the
               branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
               running git push, as the whole point of this mode is to allow
               you to push all of the branches in one go. If you usually finish
               work on only one branch and push out the result, while other
               branches are unfinished, this mode is not for you. Also this
               mode is not suitable for pushing into a shared central
               repository, as other people may add new branches there, or
               update the tip of existing branches outside your control.

               This used to be the default, but not since Git 2.0 (simple is
               the new default).

       push.followTags
           If set to true, enable --follow-tags option by default. You may
           override this configuration at time of push by specifying
           --no-follow-tags.

       push.gpgSign
           May be set to a boolean value, or the string if-asked. A true value
           causes all pushes to be GPG signed, as if --signed is passed to git-
           push(1). The string if-asked causes pushes to be signed if the
           server supports it, as if --signed=if-asked is passed to git push. A
           false value may override a value from a lower-priority config file.
           An explicit command-line flag always overrides this config option.

       push.pushOption
           When no --push-option=<option> argument is given from the command
           line, git push behaves as if each <value> of this variable is given
           as --push-option=<value>.

           This is a multi-valued variable, and an empty value can be used in a
           higher priority configuration file (e.g.  .git/config in a
           repository) to clear the values inherited from a lower priority
           configuration files (e.g.  $HOME/.gitconfig).

               Example:

               /etc/gitconfig
                 push.pushoption = a
                 push.pushoption = b

               ~/.gitconfig
                 push.pushoption = c

               repo/.git/config
                 push.pushoption =
                 push.pushoption = b

               This will result in only b (a and c are cleared).

       push.recurseSubmodules
           May be "check", "on-demand", "only", or "no", with the same behavior
           as that of "push --recurse-submodules". If not set, no is used by
           default, unless submodule.recurse is set (in which case a true value
           means on-demand).

       push.useForceIfIncludes
           If set to "true", it is equivalent to specifying --force-if-includes
           as an option to git-push(1) in the command line. Adding
           --no-force-if-includes at the time of push overrides this
           configuration setting.

       push.negotiate
           If set to "true", attempt to reduce the size of the packfile sent by
           rounds of negotiation in which the client and the server attempt to
           find commits in common. If "false", Git will rely solely on the
           server’s ref advertisement to find commits in common.

       push.useBitmaps
           If set to "false", disable use of bitmaps for "git push" even if
           pack.useBitmaps is "true", without preventing other git operations
           from using bitmaps. Default is true.

GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite

Git 2.48.1                         01/14/2025                       GIT-PUSH(1)